From research conducted about 200 cases of data obtained from the 100,000 people in the world suffer from Meniere's disease. Most patients are aged 40 or older and there is no significant difference between the number of male and female patients.
Cause of Meniere's Disease
The exact cause of Meniere's disease, until now not known for certain, many experts have different opinions. Until recently considered the cause of the disease is caused by a disturbance in the physiology of endolymph system known as endolymphatic hydrops, which is a condition where the amount of liquid that resulted in an increased endolymph sudden dilation of scale media. However, the causes of endolymphatic hydrops, until now, has not been established. There are several assumptions about the causes of endolymphatic hydrops, among others:
- Increased hydrostatic pressure at the ends of the arteries.
- Reduced osmotic pressure inside the capillary.
- Increasing the osmotic pressure of extra-capillary space.
- The way out of
- endolymphaticus sac clogged, resulting in the accumulation of endolymph.
- Middle ear infections.
- Upper respiratory tract infection.
- Head trauma.
- Consumption of caffeine and foods containing high salt.
- Aspirin, alcohol, and cigarettes were prolonged.
- Herpesviridae virus infection group.
- Hereditary.
Pathophysiology of Meniere's Disease
On histopathologic examination of the temporal bone obtained widening and improvements to the morphology of the Reissner's membrane. There is a protrusion into vestibuli scale, especially at the apex of the cochlea (helicotrema). Saccule also experiencing widening which can suppress the utricle. At first widening medium scale starting from the apex of the cochlea, then, can extend the middle and basal part of the cochlea.
Pathologically, Meniere's disease is caused by swelling of the endolymphatic compartment, if the process continues, it can lead to rupture of Reissner's membrane so endolymph mixes with perilymph. This led to the temporary hearing loss were recovered after re-closing membrane and fluid endolymph and perilymph back to normal. This causes deafness can be cured if it is not an attack.
The occurrence of low tone hearing loss, the early symptoms are reversible due to the large distortions in large areas of the basilar membrane at the time of the cochlear duct enlarged toward scala vestibuli and the scala tympani.
NCP for Meniere's Disease
